A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.
In computing, databases are sometimes classified according to their organizational approach.
The most prevalent approach is the relational database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A distributed database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in a network. An object-oriented programming database is one that is congruent with the data defined in object classes and subclasses.
Computer databases typically contain aggregations of data records or files, such as sales transactions, product catalogs and inventories, and customer profiles. Typically, a database manager provides users the capabilities of controlling read/write access, specifying report generation, and analyzing usage. Databases and database managers are prevalent in large mainframe systems.
QUESTION 1
1. Create a database for a Student Information System. Your database should have the following components:
i) Tables
ii) Each and every table should have the Primary Key stated.
iii) The relationship between the tables
Answer question 1
Figure 1: table of student
Student index number
Student name
Age
Sex
IP 101551
YUKARI
19
F
IP 101552
ZAKA
20
M
IP 101553
ZAKURA
19
F
IP 101554
PAK HOE
19
M
IP 101555
CHIN KIT
19
M
IP 101556
MUN YEE
19
F
IP 101557
YEE YAN
18
F
IP 101558
BOON KIT
19
M
IP 101559
CHAN HOE
19
M
IP101560
YEE HOE
20
M
Leaturer id
leaturer
Age
Ic number
IP 101200
CHAN MUI KAH
25
123456781
IP 101201
CHIN KANG HANG
30
123456782
IP101202
KANG QING QING
34
123456783
IP101203
YANG CHIN KAH
32
123456784
IP101204
JEFF
32
123456785
IP101205
CHAN HOE
33
123456786
IP101206
KAH YAN
25
123456787
IP101207
KAH YEE
34
123456788
IP101208
YEE YAN
31
123456789
IP101209
TEE HOE
26
123456790
Figure 2:Table of leaturer
Campus ID
Campus
Office number
Since year
CA 1234
IPOH
+01234561
1987
CA 1235
KUALA LUMPUL
+01234562
1877
CA1236
JOHOR
+01234563
1992
CA1237
KUALA TERRENGANU
+01234564
1992
CA1238
SINGAPORE
+01234565
1993
CA1239
SELANGOR
+01234566
1994
CA1240
THAILAND
+01234567
1995
CA1241
ENGLAND
+01234568
1996
CA1242
INDONESIA
+01234569
1997
CA1243
KUANTAN
+01234561
1998
Figure 3: table of campus
Couse id
Couse
Semester payment
Full payment
AA101
DIT
1000
20000
AA102
CICT
1001
20001
AA103
DHO
1002
20002
AA104
CAT
1003
20003
AA105
DBM
1004
20004
AA106
CBM
1005
20005
AA107
CHO
1006
20006
AA108
DEE
1007
20007
AA109
DOT
1008
20008
AA110
COT
1009
20009
Figure 4:table of course
Primary key
A primary key uniquely defines a relationship within a database. In order for an attribute to be a good primary key it must not repeat. While natural attributes are sometimes good primary keys, Surrogate keys are often used instead. A surrogate key is an artificial attribute assigned to an object which uniquely identifies it (for instance, in a table of information about students at a school they might all be assigned a Student ID in order to differentiate them). The surrogate key has no intrinsic (inherent) meaning, but rather is useful through its ability to uniquely identify a tuple.
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Another common occurrence, especially in regards to N:M cardinality is the composite key. A composite key is a key made up of two or more attributes within a table that (together) uniquely identify a record. (For example, in a database relating students, teachers, and classes. Classes could be uniquely identified by a composite key of their room number and time slot, since no other class could have that exact same combination of attributes. In fact, use of a composite key such as this can be a form of data verification, albeit a weak one.)
Foreign key
A foreign key is a field (or fields) that points to the primary key of another table. The purpose of the foreign key is to ensure referential integrity of the data. In other words, only values that are supposed to appear in the database are permitted.
For example, say we have two tables, a customer table that includes all customer data, and an ordestable that includes all customer orders. The constraint here is that all orders must be associated with a customer that is already in the customer table. In this case, we will place a foreign key on the orders table and have it relate to the primary key of the customer table. This way, we can ensure that all orders in the orders table are related to a customer in the customer table. In other words, the ordes table cannot contain information on a customer that is not in the customer table.
RELATIONSHIP DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Relational databases, as implemented in relational database management systems, have become a predominant choice for the storage of information in new databases used for financial records, manufacturing and logistical information, personnel data and much more. Relational databases have often replaced legacy hierarchical databases and network databases because they are easier to understand and use, even though they are much less efficient. As computer power has increased, the inefficiencies of relational databases, which made them impractical in earlier times, have been outweighed by their ease of use. However, relational databases have been challenged by Object Databases, which were introduced in an attempt to address the object-relational impedance mismatch in relational database, and XML databases.
QUESTION 2
2. Represent your database for the Student Information System Entity Relationship(ER) model and create the database in Microsoft Access.
ANSWER QUESTION 2
Question 2 I will show the student information relationship in Microsoft access.
Figure 1
FIGURE 1 is the student information in Microsoft access. There are student id, name, age and sex.
Figure 2
Figure 2 is step to set the primary key. First click the design and then click the primary key to set as the student primary key.
Figure 3
Figure 3 is the lecturer table. It have lecturer id, name, age, and ic. The most importand is the student id is same as student table.
Figure 4
Figure 4 is campus table, its have campus id, campus name, office num, since years.
Figure 5
Figure 5 is a campus table. Its show course id, campus id, semester payment and full payment.
Figure 6
Figure 6 is the relationship table like a student, leaturer, course and campus.
Figure 7
Figure 7 will show you all the table of leaturer, campus, student and course. After I will do the relationship between all of it.
figure 8
Figure 8 is all the relationship between the student table, lecturer table, course table and campus table.
Figure 9
Figure 9 is all the relationship of them after click student id, it will show all the leaturer id, campus id and course id. All of it I already done the database for the Student Information System Entity Relationship(ER) model.
CONCLUSION
After I doing this assignment, I have learned many about knowledge of database. Database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system. In order for a database to be truly functional, it must not only store large amounts of records well, but be accessed easily. Another way new information and changes should also be fairly easy to input. In order to have a highly efficient database system, you need to incorporate a program that manages and information stored on the system.
In the question 2, I also learned about to use Microsoft access. It is very useful to me because I can use it on another way and I can stored my information with clearly and when I use it I can easy to find my information is already stored. Finally, I can use my knowledge to work when I working.
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