Assessing the level of awareness and understanding the status of an individual and intervention for them and their families by utilization of several theories to obtain the optimum functioning and healthy lifestyle is one of the initial actions by social workers or health care professionals. In this case study prior to the analysis of every theory and concepts, the provision of a healthy & safe environment and providing ways to improve life process through self-awareness -to improve the mental capabilities and enhances independence will helps client or family face reality and improve her mental, physical and emotional capability is also examine and carefully evaluated. Encouraging them to seek these resources towards self and others aids in achieving the best possible level of well being of every member of community and lastly promotes therapeutic relationships which is the foundation of therapeutic care management and earn the society cooperation and trust (Hassany, 2006).
This case study is an exploration and identification of need for the evidence about social interventions and methodologies available and the possibility to be better organized, clearly synthesized and made more available to those who manage and lead quality interventions in healthcare organizations (Janko, 2008).
Crime and violence against children is considered as a complex societal problem, with variety of etiologies that must approach in specific and comprehensive method in order to efficiently curtail the current situations. It is also a relational concept which refers to the relationship between parents and children and the cultural symbolic differences between them. In recent years, awareness of maltreatment and violence prevention at the family level has increased significantly, as has the number of new initiatives and programmes being undertaken in this field (Linden, 2004). Although it is not possible to document all activities here, the following literatures and reviews measures that are currently being implemented to prevent violence in different parts of the world, ranging from activities that rely on direct WHO support to those that are more or less independent of WHO involvement (Beaulaurier, 2005).
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SUBJECT
The subject of this case study is a young child, his family and the availability of health care facilities and management for them specifically the subject. The type of family is traditional family. It comprises the father, mother and their children. Both of the parents have their work and they are married. And the family is living in the same house. The family is living together and in good condition. Both the parents are the one who decide about the health care of the family as well as the thing involved in money matters. The couple is very particular to the education of the students as well as for the health maintenance of each of the family members in terms of food and immunization. They are also serious and responsible for their roles as parents (Hassany, 2006).
During interaction, the subjects grooming was not good prior to morning care but on the later part he improves and shows good grooming. Most of the time, he exhibited appropriate facial expressions and posture during interactions. At first, he cannot display eye contact which may show lack of focused and interest on the topic (Hassany, 2006). As days passes by there is an establishment of trust on the subject and he maintains good eye contact. They exhibited cooperation in the whole duration of duty and able to answers all questions asked to him and participates in all activities. It was also observed that he was outgoing with other member of the family. He also shows apprehensiveness throughout the interaction (Linden, 2004).
THEORIES
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the physiologic needs must be first met therefore quality healthcare is vital to every individual to improve an individual’s quality of life. According to the World Health Organization, quality of life is the perceptions of individual about his or her status or level in life in the context of the value systems and culture which he or she lives and in accordance to his or her objectives, standards, expectations, goals and concerns (Hassany, 2006). The scope includes a definition of quality healthcare management or delivery and a description specific to three aspects of quality healthcare management – strategic planning, performance improvement and information systems – interrelated and fundamental to the development of an individual’s quality of life (Janko, 2008).
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is determined in level of significance. It is often described as a pyramid composed of five stages: the first level is comprises of physiological needs, while the higher stages are defined needs of growth together with psychological needs. Lower level needs must achieved first. Once these things achieved, needing to fulfill needs for growth drives personal fulfillment (Linden, 2004).
The maltreatment in the family circle is also related to family problems such as poverty, alcohol abuse of parents, the behaviour of a child, the child’s lack of social skills, domestic conflicts and housing problems. The family income is also a factor in this case.
Based on this case an intervention program for parents of maltreated children examines the ineffective efforts of the family and child welfare system to prevent maltreatment, as described by the experiences of the child targeted by the state protection agency for children, and urges more far-reaching policy changes to coordinate more diverse and earlier kinds of support for the children and their families. Following an assessment describing child abuse determinants and the data collections based on parents’ stories and their family histories (Hassany, 2006).
Moreover, the examination of the procedures for substantiating child maltreatment and proper subsequent legal interventions will also be important in this case. The potentially intergenerational child abuse nature, with the influence of poverty, and child protective services function are necessary. The relationships of the child between his parents were assessed based on the perception of child protection workers, and eliminating the misperceptions of a caseworker that can aggravate their interactions. This case suggests that a more preventive model of child and family welfare service other than the current system, impressing the role of parents “in the system” who were able to carry out change in their lives through utilization of support from a variety of sources (Petersen, 2004).
This case also explores how the compliance with child welfare contracts will often help the social worker and a parent to gain back her child, but may not bring about long-lasting relational changes in the problems that precipitated the child maltreatment.
In this case the community health care facilities and programmes are necessary determinants of social welfare especially in the area of healthy living. There must be available programs, interventions for every individual in a certain community. Urban living environment has been found to be one of a risk factor for the subjects. Also, social disadvantages have been considered to be a risk factor. This includes racial discrimination, unemployment, family dysfunction, poverty and migration related to social adversity, or poor housing conditions (Petersen, 2004). Trauma and Childhood experiences of abuse have also been known as risk factors for the development of any illness later in life. Parenting is also held responsible every health condition but relationship with unsupportive dysfunctional nature may contribute to the risk (Davis, 2003).
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Since the subject’s case is significant because it explains the different etiologies that an individual may have that can trigger to have a problem like emotional problem and social roles which plays a big part in the physical development of the subject. It also assesses the stages of development and to discover the possibilities and availability of intervention and management (Petersen, 2004). It also explains the possible problems. As a social worker we need to have knowledge about this kind of situation so that if we will encounter something like this we will know what will be right thing to do and we can help the individual (Trygged, 2009).
Social and behavior of the subject were identified and assess. Spirituality is also included. It is a client’s belief about life, health, illness, death and one’s relationship to the universe. In terms of spirituality, the subject possesses positive behavior. The development of faith is an interactive process between the persons and the environment (Beaulaurier, 2005). According to him, the spirituality determines relationship of an individual to God or divinity and looks on how these relationship influence experience of an individual with other people and all of kind of creation. The social and cultural interactions of the client were affected by the situation causing her relationship with her family and friends’ to become altered (Davis, 2003).
This case study presents recommendations on how the child welfare system should be modified or changed:
(1) Proper intervention should be given before the maltreatment or abuse incidents occur.
(2) Sufficient duration of intervention should be done and must be reflected on the dynamics and characteristics of the problems they are trying to address
(3) A highly trained social workers should deliver the skilled interventions
(4) The child welfare programs should focus from a deficit model to one of strengths and empowering of fostering parent to take control over the social services, informational sources and monetary support
(5) Empowerment and support must be done within the family and communities rather than focusing within agencies and individuals exploring the “how” and “why” of change, including the risks and models of intervention concepts.
CONCLUSIONS
This case study seems to be focused toward parent maltreatment and abuse which is considered as a social problem and toward parents and community especially in vulnerable families.
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