Filomena Kato
“There is a universal belief in God”[1], in all cultures, in remote areas or in mega metropolis cities. The existence of God is elucidated by the Cosmic Designer. He exists. The teleological argument (telos is from Greek – “the end to which all things relate, the aim, purpose, eternal”[2]. Logos means explanation, reason, it is based on the finding of the fine-tuning[3] for the life in the Universe. The explanation of the existence of God is as follows: fine-tuning of the Universe, the arguments for design.
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What is fine tuning in nature? Why the universe is fine tuned for life? According to McGrath, fine-tuning[4] alludes to the scientific discernment that the “values of fundamental cosmological constants” and the features of initial conditions of the universe within which intelligent life can thrive . Those values are specific for the existence of life. Some examples that the author lists are: a) “gravitational constant; b) speed of the light in the vacuum; c) electromagnetic coupling; d) masses of the elementary particles”. He goes on in clarifying that if the gravity varied by 1part in 1040 ([5]) the life would be inexistent. If any these values were altered an inch for less or more, the Universe would expanded so rapidly that the formation of the stars would be impossible , life would be non-existent, and there also wouldn’t be any planets.
“The combination of the constants of gravity, electromagnetism, and the ratio of electron to proton mass were varied by about one part in 1039 , no main sequence stars such as our own sun would be able to form”.[6]
The environment of the universe would be hostile to life of any type. If there isn’t any alignment of nuclear resonance of the carbon with the resonance of berylllium and a colliding helium nucleus, that will result in little carbon, the basis of life. The development of biological life form will be void and in the Universe the life of any origin would take place.[7]
Imagine the “infinity, from star system to stars, to subatomic particles, the constitution of cosmos, there are the constants and quantities” of the Universe. They are exactly values, in a reduced life permit sphere, that cannot be modified in a minimum value, because no corporeal, interactive life of any specie could exist anywhere. It is impossible to have agricultural fields, forests, wildlife and chemical reactions.[8]
“The remarkable fact is that the values of these numbers seem to have been very finely adjusted to make possible the development of life” – Stephen Hawking
In order for the Universe to be life-permitting, the starting conditions and constants have to be fine-tuned with exceptional accuracy. Willian Lane Craig has the following arguments for designer:
II – The arguments for design are:
- – The fine-tuning of the Universe for intelligent life is due to either natural law, chance, or a designer.
- – It is not due to natural law or chance.
- – Therefore, it is due to design.[9]
The pivotal premise is number 2.
First, It is better to explain the premise 2. Constants are independent of natural law, constants are there in a whim way, the constants were put in since the beginning, unaccountable. The Universe must be life-permitting. The constants and quantities are not determined by the laws of nature. [10]
The Universe is infinitely complex, and it is unbelievable that the Universe happened by chance. The adjustment was well thought to occur by chance, and the probability of getting lucky is so unlikely. Life materialized by accident is inconceivable and improbable. The main commentary regarding to this: scientists are struggling with metaphorical hypotheses to avoid the idea of a Designer. They want everything measured, to be repeated the experiment[11]. They say that the “basic proposals of creation science are not subject to test and verification, these ideas do not meet the criteria for science”[12]
We see around us specific and complex designs and it can be nature work or human work. In nature, the green of the landscape, the colors of rainbow, the blue sky or the white clouds. In human art, we see airplanes, buildings, bridges, houses, and it has a designer. Everything we see has done by a designer. However, the Designer designed it that way. A lot of “evidence of meticulous design in nature is unlimited. The earth itself is evidence of design. A human body, for instance, is an amazing and complex organism, with each system organized concomitantly to work , designed, and with efficiency.” [13]
Nature is a big field to explore the complex design found around the world, people indubitably reason that there is a world responsible Designer behind it. For instance, “in case of
Paley, the watch needs a watchmaker, in the natural world demands an even greater Designer.”[14]. The design argument for God existence is a tacit and unequivocal reasoning that indicates to a Designer, the Creator.
The existence of life in the earth and how the Milky Way is perfectly aligned is the result of a Designer. Life in the Universe is totally balanced. Life is completely out of existente if the constant nature is slightly altered, the result is unthinkable, life would be unfeasible. All the constants are contingent on each other all held together by gravitational force that the whole procedure has an intelligent designer.
“Life suits the design criterion. People detect intelligent design all the time”[15]. It appears in our routine tasks and in our observance of living beings. People with theirs pets, talking to each other, smiling, tackling with problems to find a solution, the landscape, everything in relationship with the Designer. In our galaxy, the distance of each planet from each other is just perfect to have life in our planet in harmony. The sun that gives the proper amount of radiation, heat, temperature; air in the atmosphere, all contribute for the existence of life. It is due to the range of constant has been fixed in this manner. There is a Designer ruler, for sure.
The rainbow, the seasons of the year, the sunshine, all complexity and interconnection between one thing and another, cannot be entirely accidental, by chance. The world is made graciously, that all living being can co-exist. The conclusion is the maker of the intelligent designer, who is powerful. It is sovereignty that allows us to live. The intelligent design and the fine-tuning of the universe is the communication from God to humans that we exist because God exists. The knowledge from and the understanding from the Universe is the outcome from God.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bible Study tools, The NAS New Testament Greek Lexicon, www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/ greek/nas/telos.html
Geisler, Norman L., Christian Apologeics. (Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan2002),
Gundry, Stanley N., Five Views on Apologetics – Contributor: William Lane Craig (Zondervan ,
Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2000)
Little, Paul E., Know why you believe: A Clear Affirmation of the Reasonableness of the
Christian Faith. Victor Books, SP Publications,Inc, 1987.
Sarfati, Jonathan Refuting. A Response to the National Academy of Sciences’ Teaching About
Evolution and the Nature of Science.( Creation Book Publishers. Atlanta,Georgia. 2012)
[1] Paul E.Little, Know why you believe: A Clear Affirmation of the Reasonableness of the Christian Faith (Victor Books,SP Publications,Inc, 1987), 22
[2] Bible Study tools, The NAS New Testament Greek Lexicon, www.biblestudytools.com/ lexicons/greek/nas/telos.html
[3] Stanley N. Gundry, Five Views on Apologetics – Contributor: William Lane Craig (Zondervan , Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2000), 176.
[4] Alister E.McGrath, Mere Apologetics- How to Help Seekers & Skeptics Find Faith.
(BakerBooks, Baker Publishing Group- Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2012), 98
[5] ) ibidem
[6] Alister E.McGrath, Mere Apologetics- How to Help Seekers & Skeptics Find Faith.
(BakerBooks, Baker Publishing Group- Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2012),99
[7] Ibidem
[8] Ibidem
[9] Stanley N. Gundry, Five Views on Apologetics – Contributor: William Lane Craig (Zondervan , Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2000), 176.
[10] ibidem
[11] Ibidem
[12] Jonathan Sarfati. Refuting. A Response to the National Academy of Sciences’ Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science. Creation Book Publishers. Atlanta,Georgia. 2012) p 133
[13] Little, Paul E., Know why you believe: A Clear Affirmation of the Reasonableness of the
Christian Faith. (Victor Books, SP Publications,Inc, 1987.) p 24/25
[14] Norman L. Geisler, Christian Apologeics. (Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan2002), .
[15] Jonathan Sarfati. Refuting. A Response to the National Academy of Sciences’ Teaching About
Evolution and the Nature of Science. Creation Book Publishers. Atlanta,Georgia. 2012) p 119
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